The Iranian society in the 1940s and 1950s was constantly evolving; people sometimes moved from the countryside to the city and sometimes from the city to the countryside. This social transformation and population shift began in 1941; the factories that were built spurred these changes. Before this, people were farmers, and the concept of working as a laborer was not common, nor were laborers readily available. During Reza Shah’s time, villagers were forcibly taken for labor; the villagers were farmers, and any work other than that was considered forced labor. For example, for the construction of the Chalus Road, forced laborers were hired; they would take people with horses, mules, camels, and whatever they had there, and make them work for a month of forced labor; of course, after a month, they had to be paid to be released. It seems they didn’t take donkeys, only working with horses, camels, and mules; my mother used to say we only had a donkey, our mules had died earlier; she said, “One night I dreamt that an officer came to take the mules; I hid those animals somewhere; the officer was searching through the village and…; in the midst of this, I woke up and thanked God that our mules were already dead!”